Citations : Citations may be created by the investigators or creator. They constitute a summary of references that are thought to be relevant prior art and which can have played a part in the "narrowing" of the original practical application. The investigators can also cite recommendations from technological journals, guides, handbooks and resources.
Continuation : Applicable mostly in the U.S., continuations are second or future functions which are filed while the original parent application is impending. Continuations must claim the exact same invention while the unique application to acquire the benefit of the parent filing day.
Continuations-in-part :Generally referred to as a 'C.I.P.', this is essentially the same as the continuation with the exemption that some new material may be included. The C.I.P. needs to be filed whilst the original parent application is pending for virtually any disclosed material in common with the parent. The disclosure of the parent is generally amplified and C.I.P may claim the same or a distinct invention. A C.I.P application is accorded the advantage of the submitting date of the parent app to the extent of the two applications' typical subject matter
Doctrine of Equivalents : A doctrine which says that even though a patent claim will not literally read on a perhaps infringing unit, it can be read more extensively providing it does not keep reading the prior art. It is designed to permit the inventor to claim a patent where the variances between the inventor's and an infringer's product are not substantial.
Forfeited Application : A program on which, the problem or upkeep fee has not been paid within the designated period.
Interference : A process declared by the patent office when it seems like a couple of people made the same development at roughly the exact same time. It is a high-priced, lengthy court-like proceeding designed to determine who the first real inventor was. About 1/10 of 1% of patents are involved in interference process.
Markush : A term used to describe the series of compounds protected by a patent claim, in which the component is considered as a basic structure with a varied list of achievable substitutes (e.g. in which R=H, alkyl, aryl etc.).
Read On : A claim says on a thing, if each and every part of that claim is available in that which it says on. If a say reads on prior art, then the claim is invalid. A claim should go through an accused device for infringement to occur
Research Disclosure : Defensive-type publications which are publicized, often anonymously, to supply organizations and inventors "freedom of use" rather than legal protection. Once research disclosures are published the invention defined cannot be patented.
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